Armor-plate.



' especially such for instance as iron or steel STATES Priflflill QEFCE.

VIILLIAM SPEIRS SIMPSON, OF LONDON, ENGLAND,1A SSIGNR 'IO UNITED STATESCARRO-WELDING COMPANY OE DELANARE.

ARMOR-PLATE.

l. Puteued Aug. 9, l). Original application led April l?, 180?, SerialNo. 367,840. Diviu'ed and this application led January 1?,

' 1.2108. Serial No. 1,220.

Specification of Letters Patent.

iff/om it ma 41/ muralla: liner-:n that, I, 'WlLLr/l'ii Seuils a subjectof the King of'Grezit 1 residing iu Londen, England, have e certainnew'fmtl useful improv@ merits in Armor-Plates, o' which the ollouL il.n specification. v application is a division of applica- "bltl tiledApril l2. i907, patented July 6, 12309, numbered 92?*292 und theimprovement relates to composite structures ef various kinds made up ofunlike metals, such assoit and hard metals, that is, metals of differentkinds or characteristics, or which fuse at different. temperatures, und

as permanently, for exemple, as Welded layers el irc-n er steel,urialvsiuee-lhis perfect union f iron er steel is usually designated. asund generally uuderstfod io he u. weld, and because this term cliveld isthe one which lijf tliffe skilled naturally app l t] to such a union, Ihave also desiffuzited herein ihe union which .if obtained uetu'eeu theuulile metals hy the eriu Welclj although it i5 to he under- ;-roed thatI do not thereby limit er confine myself to any particule; theory :is tothe uffiuul nature et' the union of such unlike metals, althoughapprehend that sim-e tests have demonstrated the impossibility of edgingthe copper from-the steel, the steel itself separating one part from:mother rather that: lize- CO -per separating therefreni, there is :imoeculzir interpelle-tration of the metals und what. muy he considered:t perfect or true weld leeuwen such unlike' metals, as distinguishedfrom the mere aidhesion, as by soldering or sticking together, efmet-:ds in sheet, or -plute form so as to make up laminated or mixersructures or l'machine elements, which lutter structures i luci: themechanical qualities and ellieieuey which would naturally heloug to ustrielly integral member.

:mtl ecipper, Welded together Withoutthe use of a flux as ordinarilyunderstood :md Without pressure. While shown in comme limi with theproduction of armor plates or similar protecting surfaces, such foriustzuit-e :is ship plates, where it is desir-dile to provide an iron orsteel pluie protee'ied from rust or. otherlcorrosive subtnuees, hycoating it wih copper or :i similar nourusing surface, I do not limitmyself in l this particular. l Ey means of the present imprm'emeut lcomposite structures may he provided iu l wlii h :i harder metal, such:1s steel, muy he l pro-teeied from corrosion er (lelerimuituu By meansnl lhe prureilure. setL forih iu this euse, it has been 'foundlu'nct'icuhlv. it is believed for the firstiuie xn the history toconstruct a eompnsite or luuiimted or built up member or struct-ure,,Such fer instance als an armor plete, altieularly armor plates, by'building them up though the invent-ion is not limited to that of layersof steel er iron eomhiued with im particular form (if plete' or thatparticular termediale layers oi a metal relativelfv more Character ofarticle, in such a. reliable uumduetile or mobile, or beth, such layersor ner that. it becomes super iu mechanical component parts beingu'elfiled together su {.qualities and ellieieney lo a uom-huilt up thathe. strength of euch memher is joined member hui-ulg in the-aggregatethe correto the strength of the other, thereby to prospmliug :uurumt ofrigidity and mobility. vide su integral structure und muse such As :ipreface lo a further description of welded metals to have thecharm-twistirs 5 rhein-esem i1.provenir-ut,iriuayhesaid'tlmt andQualities which might pei-tuin to :x coril. is generally admit-ted hy'those familiar respuiidiug structure made integr-ul if one with u'mttersof this kind that the Welding ums?. hut insisting of soule metall havingot' viv-iper una? seel, 01' other unlike metals alesser stability orstrength than the steel has not up to the present invention beenconeompC-nents and a greater stability or sidered possible, although Iam awure that strength, or both,^ than the intermediate it has heensometimes alleged that such reduetile component' suliss have beenobtained. But eX erience The present improvementeonsists of comhasproven that such .so-celled lwel 111;; was pound or composite metalbodies consisting but mere adhesion 0i" one unlike metal to or in `which011e metal muy he slrexiglheued by another by homogeneous compositewhole.

The present, improvement contemplates the manufacture el? Yuriousarticles, but purt-he provision of :i strong s l A:ef these arts.

a l l l l l l l l I of layers 0r slrutu 0f unlike metals united in theurt is most lauw unal D :Ihre imeil wire. u

'gning lining imi illnslmiiw Einflu, ('ni'bnnai'mns covering or parking':snel rim-plaide :irc suliwi'lml in' snflii'wnt I of zinc UTY/.incfilingsj i'i livin. ('ii'ln'r in :i nnziie or nllwr l'ni'nme. 0r in :ilizsill. l moltu im'tul. such :is pig iron. to fuse U1' melt the softerln; mit tli lmrfligi' 'um nl. l'nder tl'is: said cnndiiong, and whensniijucifel ca tezmiex'nturo snliif'ivri' in nil'l ilu' miler i'neiail`The mrlmnfici'mis rising or envelop prepared :is aforesaid provides :lrv- (lni'ingf ngvn or niniplnlre which viii-rtiwi)v dvnxidizvs l'lni'surface of the hamer incnl. which require@ nr other pre1): 'iztm'ypirflalinjg m' Cleaning, and nlm prm'vnis 1li@ oxidation of flic*soit''i nxeizil while molfvn. so finit in :i lirici Spare of time aficrfusing iii@ laitier heroines firmly jninwl, nniied or wvldeil to andwili @reiv pnin of' Contact. in all cases there ljieing'nn appreciableinfiltration of n portion fil' the softer nic-ail into tlm harder metalin contact lirmi'ii'l'x. 'Flic cnrlionacoons pmt@ frlimrefl :isaforesaid ali@ forms an ei'lifien x'nfilil to retain in die dvr-,nmlposiiinn nml riverain the (rsi-:ipc nf the softer metal While iii aininli'i-n condiion.

ln smile ca @specially when flic soier nicinl used is Coppel', it islesirzmle to :idd lo ille rm'lmnic'cuns pim small' qnnntiiy e presenceof which is miwmmgeons for hcprevenlinn of blmv lmles in ill@ coppersurface while). c'onling.

AIn Sonie: the ivm or more sind pluk-s 0i' like nfmli ri; wliicii are.i0 li@ joinnd by :in inferi-ifi. Slieet of ier or welding .nul

'n' nl lin', lesirf'i'l. istruire freni rau-li nilc-r lijf insertinglie'hc'n the "inse sniizililv fpzn'iiig' zlisl salici' n' iwliling nisilfrom lic-infr squeezed v h u l ont or lixplziuvfl WlnlcJ :i ii mollencondximn lin flic wel ln snuff, C', lm. or Yield 'ngf'f'lwr infr.' o1'1mi. 'e plaies: rm :i compo in structure of iron m' ifi-effi. h@rnmnliiei" muy lie :isnf'znliled or m.'- rnnglfrl und Sniiql'fly spmelluml clamped m niivrwisv livld in their dnsirefl ralfiive posithel'nirilvr metal ai.'

im' rivoltel nl" srfi'l in prevent' lli@ 'when iiv desired in join.

'nietuls may be clamped in llie desired relul'ive positions and the,layers covered or enveloped with the liereinbe'fore describedrarbonaceous paste, and while. being subjected to the necessary heatLlie copper, iirasse or `other sofer metal wili which it is desiredmetal. A simple nietlioil of suoli inirofluelion is when enveloping orcovering the uniss with the covering of rarlioneeeous paste lo so place.a pluinbago erueilile having a cover on the (op of the mass ofasenililefl metals that from a small hole or oriiice in ille, lio'l.-loin of suoli Crucible, which must be sloppererl until the moment whenille sofi nie al or Welding znaleriul is lo lie released ilierefrom, themolien 11u-,tal when pourecl ilierein may flow imo tliese joints orii'xersiees lietween the harder uieal plates or olier miticles and join,unile or `weld tlie same lirinly ingr-ille; or in some Cases may forni neoa ing of the softer metal upon the harder metal in a. suitabbpreparedmold oil' the earbonaeeous paste liereinlieore deseribecl.

n seine a pe e or eux-'eleA g ina,- terinl may e employee limi. islaw-Jug (lie requisite carbon, or of refraeory elim'- aoter, suoli asgraphite, in which event the metals to 'be Weled or united may-lifeplaced .in :i erucible or other suitable reeepnele having aeo\'e1,"rliicli may lie lated or otherfise fasened thereon, and 'lieenveloping u'iat'eriel placed around Snell metals therein and i-liereeeplaele lierrnetically sealed and wliile l. ing sulijeeteil io heatearlwnie oxil may be introduced imo (lie crut'l :fie nimh-,r more orless pressi-e by means or a iulie Dessine' iliroueli :lie cover thereofand i A l* t* through i'l'fe eiweloping malerinl, so ilmt the ironplates i gas may be 'Drought ino eontaewith tlie metals uncle: heConditions required to pro- Yifle a redinng or cleofiflizing atmosphereSnitalile for lie :ice-omi limoni of the (lesirefl result. En likemanner, the members or plaies of elle lmrfler metal making up the armorplaie may be eneloped or covered willie pase the eliief gredientwhereofmay be gr; te or ober material so refraeiory or ion' carbon as torequire the 55 additional presence of r'firljonie oxifll introduced asai e nienlif and ille copper,

solici' i :il or welding mnterial may be int'rmlueefl in mollen form andlironglit into Coninei u `i ille lxriraler metals S0 in the niannriiereinbf "re (le: ibefl, And illus: in a number of di! erenl' ways thisimproved stx iure o 1 fled unlike metals may lie fo H ed bj: sul ingrilie plates or lnenzliers i fn; ilse. re-ture lo a inaierial ec lo causeI apprehend, elle molecular :terpenetr on of one n'ieial Willi the otwhile oi being brought, izo or is in a ne lien. eenrliuon.

lVlin- I el i as my irreniion is:

l. As a arfrle of niaxmfaeure armor plaie eonssiine of a compositestrueure 2. As a nei" plaie eonsis Comprising regnrfs einem i orcapability of being lxarl i( eel: tile saine being ernianeni an'ioleeular interpeneiraiion mue-:fl nerposed softer metal and lienani-ier-liereinliefore cle- 85 serilieil.

TViinesses:

H. D. Jfssox, F. L. Rum.

